What is gallbladder cancer?
The gallbladder itself is an organ shaped like a pear located under the liver. Its function, storing bile fluid, which is a liquid to digest food produced by the liver.
The most crucial role of bile is to destroy fat, which is the most challenging food nutrient to digest. Fat requires more chemical interactions to be converted into energy. When the body digests fatty foods, your gallbladder releases bile fluid.
The gallbladder has four main tissue layers: the mucosal layer (inside), the muscle layer, the connective tissue, and the serosal (outer) layer. Cancer cells can usually appear in any layer. However, it more often starts from the inner layer and grows to the outer layer.
How common is this disease?
Gallbladder cancer is a type of cancer that is quite rare. Compared to men, this cancer is more common in women. This cancer can affect any age but is most commonly found in older people.
In most cases, gallbladder cancer is diagnosed when it enters an advanced stage. Most likely, this is due to the symptoms that appear not realized by the sufferer.
The gallbladder has four main tissue layers: the mucosal layer (inside), the muscle layer, the connective tissue, and the serosal (outer) layer. Cancer cells can usually appear in any layer. However, it more often starts from the inner layer and grows to the outer layer.
Signs & symptoms of gallbladder cancer
Gallbladder cancer generally causes no signs or symptoms at the beginning of the stage. Symptoms usually appear when cancer cells enlarge or spread. Even so, there are also people who feel the symptoms in the early stages.
Common symptoms
The following are the signs and symptoms of gallbladder cancer that generally occur:
• Abdominal pain. Most of these cancer patients experience abdominal pain around the upper right side of the abdomen.
• Nausea andvomiting. In addition to abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting are also felt by many people with this type of cancer.
• Jaundice. If cancer becomes large enough and clogs the bile ducts, bile fluid from the liver cannot flow into the intestines. This will cause jaundice(jaundice) to occur. Jaundice is a condition that causes the skin and whites of the eyes to be yellow.
• Lumps in the stomach. Blocked bile ducts can cause the gallbladder to swell. If touched, there will be a lump on the upper right of the stomach.
Less common symptoms
In addition to the above, some people may also experience signs and symptoms of gallbladder cancer that are less common, such as:
• Appetite decreases.
• Weight loss drastically with no apparent cause.
• Itchy on the skin.
• Fever.
• Urine is dark in colour, or faeces is pale and oily.
When should I see a doctor?
If you experience the signs and symptoms mentioned above, see a doctor immediately. Early detection of cancer in the digestive system, of course, makes the percentage of cure better.
Causes of gallbladder cancer
Until now, it was not apparent what caused gallbladder cancer. However, health experts know that gallbladder cancer is formed when healthy gallbladder cells undergo changes (mutations) in DNA.
These mutations cause those cells to grow out of control and live when other cells usually die. The accumulated cells form tumours that can extend beyond the size of the gallbladder and spread to other areas of the body.
Most gallbladder cancers begin in the glandular cells that line the inside surface of the gallbladder. Gallbladder cancer that starts in this type of cell is called adenocarcinoma. The term refers to the way cancer cells appear when examined with a microscope.
Risk factors for gallbladder cancer
Although the cause of gallbladder cancer is not known with certainty, researchers found a variety of factors that can increase the risk, such as:
• Gender. Gallbladder cancer is more common in women.
• Age. The risk of gallbladder cancer increases with age.
• Weight. People who are obese are more at a higher risk of developing gallbladder cancer.
• History of gallstones. This type of cancer is most common in people who have had gallstones in the past. Even so, this case is quite rare.
• Diseases and other gallbladder conditions. The risk of cancer in the digestive system will increase in people who have problems in the gallbladder, such as the presence of cysts or inflammation of the bile ducts.
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